Introduction: Our study aims to evaluate the distribution of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with Sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) via the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and to describe the Sleep architecture in SDB patients with and without LPR. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Patients with SDB were identified via the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and STOP-BANG questionnaire,they were then screened with the RSI and physical examination for LPR. PSG was performed to evaluate obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA). Results: Of 45 patients, 15 were scored as having LPR via the RSI. Utilizing the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), patients were further classified into four groups: 9 non-LPR with non-OSA SDB, 21 non-LPR with OSA, 4 LPR with non-OSA SDB, and 11 LPR with OSA. The prevalence of LPR was 30. 8% in the non-OSA SDB group and 34. 4% in the OSA group. All SDB parameters in both groups were similar. SDB patients with high body mass index tended to have LPR and/or OSA. Average ESS scores in the four groups suggested excessive daytime Sleepiness, and patients with LPR had higher ESS scores. Regardless of LPR status, SDB patients had a lower percentage of REM Sleep and a higher percentage of light Sleep. Conclusions: The incidence of LPR in OSA patients was similar in non-OSA SDB patients. REM Sleep percentage decreased in the four groups, with the non-OSA SDB group having the lowest percentage of REM Sleep,light Sleep percentage increased in the four groups, with the OSA group having the highest percentage of light Sleep.

Background: The nocturnal enuresis is one of the most common complaints of childhood. Upper airway obstruction and nocturnal snoring affect the nocturnal enuresis in children.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breathing exercises on the nocturnal enuresis in the children with the Sleep-disordered breathing.Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in year of 2011 by a semi-experimental design with the control group among 40 children, aged 6-12 years, who had the nocturnal enuresis. Participants were examined based on the criteria of nocturnal enuresis, oral breathing, and nocturnal snoring. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the case and control groups. In the case group, the breathing exercises were performed for 45 minutes, and were pursued for four weeks in the morning following and prior to Sleeping, and subsequently the arterial blood gases were measured and the frequency of enuresis and the respiratory rates (RR) were recorded.Results: After intervention the means of PaCO2 and RR in the control group were significantly higher than the case group (P<0.0001). Likewise, O2sat, PaO2 in the case group were higher than the control group (P<0.0001). The nocturnal enuresis decreased significantly in the case group, compared to the control group (P<0.0001).Conclusions: This study suggests that the breathing exercises may reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis in the patients with the oral breathing and nocturnal snore. The clinical implications of these findings should be verified in the future longitudinal studies.